Can Computers Think Essay - 1414 Words

Over several years, the improvement in technology has increased significantly.. Many people constantly ask what is the new and best technology but who is the one to make the final decision. Consumers are demanding for more but wanting less at the same time. â€Å"Companies are downsizing because technology now does a job that a person once did†(Oren, 2004). But is it appropriate to say that a human can be replaced by a computer? I believe that not all humans will be replaced by a computer, but I do think that a computer will be able to do many of the same things that a human can already do. John R. Searle and Alan Turing are two philosophers that I will be relating to in order to examine the likelihood of a computer being able to â€Å"think† or†¦show more content†¦This learning process to me would be what we like to call pre-programming. Every computer is programmed to exactly how others want it to be, and so are humans. As humans grow, they are shown specific things that are right and wrong for them to do. Humans are not just things th at are born with knowledge. But would Searle or Turing think the same thing? Alan Turing was the first one to invent the principle computer and developed a computing device that was capable to â€Å"think† which was known as the Turing Machine. This machine would be classified as a thinking thing if it would be possible for it to answer questions appropriately. These series of questions would be considered the â€Å"Imitation Game†(Oppy, Dowe, 2003). This game consisted of, for example, three players. Out of these three players, two would be in separate rooms and one player would be female and the other a male. The one that is not in a room would have to ask any questions that could be answered by a true or false response, and at the end of the â€Å"game† the person outside of the room would have to come to a conclusion which room contained a female or male. Turing then replaced a human with a computer. The new goal was to see whether or not a computer was cap able of tricking the person outside the room to think that the computer was a human. If this computer was able to generate an answer to be able to trick this human then the computer was considered asShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Alan Turing s Idea Of Can Computers Think?1664 Words   |  7 Pagesthe work of Alan Turing in your response. Alan Turing’s idea of ‘can computers think? Is challenged with how complex the human brain is and how computers only know what they are programmed with, even though ‘Deep Blue’(Deep Blue (Chess Computer)) Was able to beat chess champion Garry Kasparov in game one of a six-game match on the 10th of February 1996. Artificial Intelligence can not replicate a human’s way of thinking as it can only be programmed to be able to react to specific situations andRead MoreComputers And Other Types Of Electronics1576 Words   |  7 Pages For ages the question has been debated, to what do humans owe our thinking abilities and can computers and other types of electronics have the capacity to think? Over millions of years humans have developed the capacity to think critically and to have higher intelligent thinking than other animals. The human brain has evolved to have a prefrontal cortex which is responsible for executive functioning. These functions include responding to complex problems, maintaining a set behavior, planning, problemRead MoreThe Human Brain And The Functioning Of Artificial Intelligence1587 Words   |  7 PagesTraditionally, we have considered our ability to think as the defining distinction between humanity and all other beings. However, the rise of the computer has created a great philosophical dilemma as we now struggle to reconcile the difference between the functioning of the human brain and the functioning of artificial intelligence. The purpose of my essay is to do exactly that – reconcile the difference by defending the argument that computers cannot think to the extent of biological human minds. I amRead MoreCan Computer Replace Human Beings1289 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Can computers replace Human Beings?† What we think computer is ? Many of us think that computers are many times faster, more powerful and more capable when compared to humans simply because they can perform calculations thousands of time faster, workout logical computations without error and store memory at incredible speeds with flawless accuracy. Human Brain: We can only estimate the processing power of the average human brain as there is no way to measure it quantitatively as of yetRead MoreHow Does Computer Processing Compare to Human Thinking? Essay925 Words   |  4 PagesHow does Computer processing compare to Human thinking? Have you ever wondered how computers process information as opposed to how the human brain does so? Are they actually â€Å"thinking† like a human or are they just organizing data? Can computers learn or even learn on their own? As a human race, we have thousands upon thousands of questions that we wish we could ask computers! Computers in the 21st century are becoming more and more advanced and we wonder, will they ever take over humanity? WillRead MoreComputers Can Not Have Minds1490 Words   |  6 PagesAlan Turing, â€Å"father† of modern computers, created the Turing Machine in order to prove, through the use of an imitation game, that computers can think. John Searle argued that the Turing Test is simply just imitating, rather than thinking. Based on Searle’s argument against the Turing Test, I think that computers cannot have minds. Although Turing argues that computers can think, there are many arguments, such as Searle’s Chinese room argument, a nd defenses that I will present that support SearleRead MoreCan Artificial Consciousness be Possible?868 Words   |  4 PagesCan artificial consciousness be possible? In other words, can a machine be conscious and have the same behavior as a human. Artificial consciousness or also can be referred as machine consciousness are machines created by humans that are programmed to have artificial intelligence in the machine’s system. This means that machines are programmed to have the intelligence as a human. However, would it be possible for humans to create a machine that is programmed to have the ability to think, feel, andRead MoreDid Computers Really Change the World? Essay1527 Words   |  7 Pagesdependent on computers. This assertion is made based on the fact that there are computers in every country and by the definition of computers (Patil 3), which by the Merriam Webster Dictionary says that computers are â€Å"programmable machines that can store, retrieve, and proce ss data.† In every corner of the earth there are people using computers. Not just that, but programs like the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) are sending computers into space. The furthest computer from earthRead MoreSemester Project Essay1684 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿In order to replace human senses, computers needed input devices for perception and data entry. Since computers have been created, there have been many improvements to where they are now and I still believe there is much more to be done with computers. Although computers have their own brain they still do what humans tell them to do. Computers can solve problems and look up certain data, but it is all based upon what it is told to do by the operator. This leads me to the topic of what is stillRead MoreSteve Jobs Has Made A Huge Impact On Technology897 Words   |  4 Pagesdrastic problems. When we think of Apple as a company, most people think of Steve Jobs. While we know that many people are part of the team of Apple, we tend to overlook that aspect. Jobs did something to technology that can never be compared to, or replaced. He taught many people many things on his journey as he made his stamp on the world. Job’s career in Apple is creative. It required Steve Jobs to do something that many people were not able to do. He made the Macintosh computer stand out among all

Mba Internship Report - 8421 Words

MBA INTERNSHIP REPORT (HRM) Report on CCL Pharmaceutical (PVT) LTD Program Specialization: MBA (Human Resource Management) Submission Date: 10-06-2009 Submitted By: SADAF ARIF Roll No: T-521821 Department of Business Administration ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITY MBA INTERNSHIP REPORT Report submitted to the Department of Business Administration, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad Pakistan. In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Approved By Project Head ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Mr. Azeem, my honorable Resource person, for helping me to know all the basics of this report. I am also grateful to Mr.Baber, HR manager of CCL†¦show more content†¦As a healthcare company, CCL manufactures and markets innovative and quality products, which offer real health solutions. Its rich product portfolio, covering nearly all the major therapeutic areas helps prevent, cure or alleviate illness, as well as save lives. CCL is the First Pharmaceutical Company in Pakistan to win ISO 9001 certification by SGS, a world-renowned quality certifying body, which itself speaks of its very high globally accepted standards of quality assurance supported by its development activities. The incorporation of quality system of ISO 9001 augments facilitates the observance of cGMP. CCL offer a wide range of products ranging from Cardiology, Anti-Infective, Musulo-Skeletal, Metabolic, CNS, Respiratory, Women Health, Immunology, Multivitamins and many more are under developmental phase. CCL Pharmaceuticals (PVT) LTD is strongly committed to adherence to the standards laid down by internationally accepted official monographs. CCL quality control laboratory and product development activities are very well supported with latest tools and techniques of drug analysis. CCL is exporting its pharmaceutical products to many Asian, Middle Eastern and African countries. 3. 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Uniqlo Case free essay sample

The brand represents 90% of the Fast Retailing mother group turnover based on 2009 figures. The group specializes in designing in-house casual clothing for men and women of all ages, with 2,258 stores under its various group companies spread across Japan, China,South Korea, Hong Kong, Singapore, UK, US, and France In order to explain that growth and success, let’s have a look at their national development strategy. Tadashi Yanai had the simple idea of selling quality products with the best value for money. The system is not based on fashion trends or on the development of new seasonal products; it aims to produce a pretty small range of functional products. That way they can buy large quantities of the same materials, and do great economy of scale. It seems like a simple principle but they applied it in such a way they could reduce their prices and keep a decent margin on the products. As far as the distribution channels are concerned, Tadashi Yanai discovered the â€Å"SPA† (Specialty Store Retailer of Private Label Apparel) model, first used by GAP, in the early 80s. Unlike the stores which sell lines made by the other brands, producer-distributor sells only clothes of its own brand. Today, if the conception of products is the responsibility of the social siege of the company, their production is often relocated in countries with moderate costs of hand of work. We can say that they have a very direct approach to market coverage. In the economic context of stagnation Japan was in in the early90s, that concept had a great success. Furthermore, Uniqlo has also developed a big system for online sales, and online marketing, which is a cheap and efficient way to get to the customer, providing a huge online catalogue, and a well-designed web-site, proposing a unique site for each country they are in. Uniqlo is present in 11 countries, France, China, Hong-Kong, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Russia, Singapore, Taiwan, United Kingdom, and the U. S. A. Quoting the C. E. O â€Å"Our focus for future UNIQLO growth is shifting outside of Japan. I am convinced that the opening of our New York Fifth Avenue global flagship store in October 2011 will prove a giant leap forward in our quest to earn worldwide recognition for UNIQLO as a leading Japanese brand†, Uniqlo is definitely looking towards globalization in the future, and the awaited growth seems just tremendous as Tadashi Yanai aims for the stars:† Within a few years, I want us to be able to consistently open between 200 and 300 new stores overseas each year, and I am looking for UNIQLO International to overtake UNIQLO Japan in terms of sales in fiscal 2015. Uniqlo is planning on strengthening the Japanese market on the first hand, with a fundamental reform of the Japanese apparel, and on the second, making UNIQLO Global, by aiming for Asia first place on the market, and on a long term strategy, aiming for world ‘s first place. * 2. The internationalization process in the European Union Uniqlo globalization process, as far as the European market is conc erned, starting with the opening of four outlets in London from 2001 to 2002. This wish to expand to the European market is easy to understand considering the great success of Uniqlo in Asia. First of all, the main reason for Uniqlo to expand to the European market is to make more money. But, basing ourselves on the second chapter of Global marketing: a decision-oriented approach by Svend Hollensen, we can say that there are several motivating factors for entering a new market. In Uniqlo proactive motives, we can list the obvious profit and growth goals; their unique products developed by their Ramp;D team they consider to be a potential hit in new markets (the HEATTECH heat generating clothing); and the foreign market opportunities for their low cost range of quality products. The most relevant proactive motive in my opinion for Uniqlo to come to the European market are the competitive pressures. The two biggest competitors of the business, the Spanish group INDITEX (owners of Zara and many other brands) and The GAP, which are both using this SPA model mentioned in the first part, are very present in the European Market. Uniqlo is trying to get close to the European customer and brake that psyche barrier that European customers still have with Asian products (low cost but poor quality), and try to show a better image, and above all let the brand be known by the European customers. It is a fact that the early beginnings of Uniqlo on the European markets were disappointing. The main problem was the lack of knowledge from the European customer who had never heard of Uniqlo. People would not buy the products, and the whole European project cost a lot to the group, so that their profit dropped from 2002 to 2004. But we can’t say it was a failure because it fits the Japanese firms strategy mentioned in the exhibit 2. 1 of Global marketing: a decision-oriented approach by Svend Hollensen. Japanese firms exploit foreign opportunities by using a price penetration strategy†, they are also known to accept early losses due in this case, to the great financial shape the firm was when they decided to enter the European market. They are entering the process with a long term strategy. Anyhow the profits never reached expected outcome in the UK, according to the financial times, they had to close 18 of their 23 sites â€Å"after failing to hit the spot with shopp ers ». They decided to have a â€Å"re-launch† of their London shops with a different approach. Mr. Yanai said it had been a mistake to build a network of stores before fine-tuning the offer. The marketing was to be really different. In the meantime, the Fast Retailing group also bought French brands like â€Å"Le comptoir des cottoniers† in 2005 and â€Å"Princesse Tam Tam† in 2006, targeting a second country in the European market. In 2007, according to the ODD agency official website, the agency Uniqlo communication agency Uniqlo approached to have a better launch in the UK:† A tease and reveal campaign created intrigue and drew people to the stores†, this much more edia oriented approach seemed to be the answer to the European market penetration for Uniqlo, as the â€Å"Launch day sales exceeded any other store launch figures in just 3 hours. † Still in collaboration with ODD, Uniqlo launched the UT event, that is a yearly based event, where all creative from around the world are invited to design unique shirts for a unique collection, meant to be sold on these UT happenings, with in stores DJ’s and a big advertising campaign. These UT happenings contribute to give the brand its innovative and modern image essential to succeed in their target market of young European people. Uniqlo’s presence on the UK market is now both an economic and a brand image success, and is a golden door to the whole European Union. According to the French periodic â€Å"Le Figaro. fr†, after the opening of the first French store in Paris, their objective as far as the European Market is concerned is to open no less than 300 stores all over Europe, with big surfaces such as 2000 square meters each until the year 2020. * 3. German market analysis Now that we know a bit more about Uniqlo’s globalization strategy and its wishes towards an expansion in Europe, let’s focus our researches on the German market, which Uniqlo hasn’t reached yet. In this part we will first give you an overlook of the German business environment, we will then go into a more market specific analysis of the German market, in order to understand the principal challenges the company should face if they want to enter it, and the screening criteria that will be the most relevant for them to use. In order to carry out this market research in the most complete and accurate way, we shall follow the â€Å"12 C† framework. 3. 1  « 12C  » framework analysis of the German market. Framework source Doole and Lowe (Global marketing lecture topic 4) The following figures are coming from http://www. estatis. de and https://www. cia. gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gm. html . unless mentioned. 3. 1. 1 Country analysis On 31 December 2009 Germany had about 81,802,000 inhabitants. The capital is Berlin, with more than 3,404 thousand inhabitants. The spoken language is German, and as founding members of the EEC, their currency is Euro. T he total country area is 357,022 square kilometers. Germany is the largest economy in the European Union, with a 3% GDP increase in 2011 (now 31,427 Euros per inhabitant and 62,540 per person in employment). Germany’s Global Exports represented 969 billion â‚ ¬, and Imports 745 billion â‚ ¬ in 2008. Their biggest partners in imports are EU (57. 7%), China 6. 8%, U. S. A (6. 7%), Russia 4. 1% and Switzerland 3. 5%. (http://www. wto. org 2008). Germany is well served with transports, with more than 320 airports, 17 harbors (including the 2nd biggest harbor of Europe in Hamburg), and one of the most dense road architecture with more than approximately 650,000  km of roads, which is huge compared to the area of the country. (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Transport_in_Germany ). According to the Environmental policy-making in Britain, Germany and the European Union by Rudiger Wurzel, Germany has always been a leader in environmental policies in Europe and in the world. Germany is in the middle of Europe, and surrounded by 9 countries, it leaves them very vulnerable to external pollution, that is why they have been known to be very strict when it comes to environment standards. Still according to Wurzel, here is a quote from a German official in the Economics of Industry about their environmental policy:  «German environmental policy has been conducted against Industry†. Those words may look hard but they reflect the ongoing conflict between a successful economy and strict environmental policies in Germany. The respect of these norms must be a very important factor to be taken in account, as far as both economic costs and brand image are concerned for Uniqlo. 3. 1. 2 Concentration: Here is a chart of the total German population by age groups and marital status. In red are highlighted the most relevant segment as far as Uniqlo costumers are concerned. Specification| Unit| 2003| 2004| 2005| 2006| | By age groups from to under years| under 6| 1,000| 4,519. 3| 4,435. | 4,346. 1| 4,245. 2| 6 15| 1,000| 7,642. 8| 7,489. 5| 7,303. 7| 7,196. 2| 15 25| 1,000| 9,621. 7| 9,678. 1| 9,689. 6| 9,610. 6| 25 45| 1,000| 24,461. 1| 24,088. 7| 23,736. 4| 23,319. 0| 45 65| 1,000| 21,426. 8| 21,441. 9| 21,492. 1| 21,644. 6| 65 and over| 1,000| 14,860. 0| 15,367. 5| 15,870. 1| 16,299. 3| Total| 1,000| 82,531. 7| 82,500. 8| 82,438. 0| 82,314. 9| By marital status| Si ngle| 1,000| 33,730. 3| 33,847. 4| 33,954. 2| 34,035. 7| Married| 1,000| 37,256. 1| 36,991. 2| 36,678. 6| 36,339. 3| Widowed or divorced| 1,000| 11,545. 3| 11,662. 3| 11,805. 3| 11,940. 0| Source www. detatis. de We can see that the targeted segment represents approximately 40% of the total population. With the high GDP per capita of Germany, this is a favorable environment in terms of market potential. Of course we will get useful lintel when we will get to the clothing market analysis. As we have seen in the section 3. 1. 1, the population is dense in a small country, with considerable means of transport, which is again a positive factor to consider. Here is a map of the population density in Germany: www. bibb. de We can notice that population is concentrated near big cities and mostly to the western side of the country. It is yet another positive factor to consider from a logistics point of view. Uniqlo strategy is to open big stores in very populated areas, which appears to be a suitable policy in Germany. 3. 1. 3Culture and buyer behavior approach: First of all one must consider the fact that getting cultural and consumer behavior intel is very difficult. Sources are usually subjective and nothing is better than first-hand information acquired by the company itself or professional cabinets. That’s why performing one of the above is a must do for any company before going into any market. I will try to give you the ost accurate view from existing data. Sources: http://www. cyborlink. com/besite/germany. htm; http://geert-hofstede. com/germany. html German decision process is considered to be very slow and based more on reflex than on instant action. a) Buyer Behavior According to Geert Hofstede rating system, we can determine a â€Å"German behavior profile†, considering five main trea ts in their behavior. The result of this analysis shows that Germans are mostly individualistic. This trait is interesting for Uniqlo and the clothing market; they tend to buy unique products that fit their way or their families. The Uniqlo UT campaign mentioned in section 2 is a great way to reach this kind of consumers. They are also considered as a masculine society, which can be defined as follows:† A high score (masculine) on this dimension indicates that the society will be driven by competition, achievement and success, with success being defined by the winner / best in field – a value system that starts in school and continues throughout organizational behavior. † This trait meets the individualistic one in favor for the Uniqlo strategy, using local stars and designers to create unique clothes that could definitely target this kind of consumers. The Germans are also recognized as a short term orientation culture. Societies with a short-term orientation generally have great respect for traditions. This makes it a difficult environment for market entry, Germans are more likely to buy what they know and be more hesitating in trying new products, a critical factor to consider for Uniqlo. b) Religion Roman Catholics are in the southern part of the country, and Protestants, can be found in the northern region. There is a very small percentage of Muslims in Germany. Here is a chart of the percentage of each religious group in Germany. http://www. yborlink. com/besite/germany. htm 3. 1. 4 Choices analysis My main source for this analysis will be a report on â€Å"the situation of textile and the clothing industry in Germany† from a German University in the Leonardo Da Vinci project. I only used the graphs of the overall German industry and used them for my purpose, as it is freely available information (portale. parma. it/fas hion-net), and none of their analysis. In order to see clearly the clothing supply, I will first give a view of the regional (German) clothing industries, and then analyze the external supply, the international potential competitors. ) Regional industry Over the last decade, the clothing industry in Europe has been suffering a lot from the new Asian competitors, offering prices with which they could not compete. This graph shows the evolution of the number of clothing businesses in Germany, which reflects this phenomenon: Source MERKEL On the other hand, the importation of clothing has been on a rise since the middle 60’s. The biggest part of the textile and clothing imports comes from Asia with a share of 10,7bn Euro for 2005, representing a 38. 4% of the whole German importation. Source MERKEL Although the local industries are declining in terms of numbers and turnover, German companies are global leaders in the technical textiles segment: their market share is around 45%. This may seem not to affect the clothing importation trend, but it is something of the utmost importance for Uniclo advertising campaigns on their innovative line of products (Heattech technology). It also means that possible collaborations with German technical industries is to be considered. (http://www. dbresearch. com) b) International competitors: Here is a list of the Europe biggest clothing suppliers in 2005. There is an existing competition, and all the actors have set foot in Europe already, and were present before Uniqlo. Those figures are from 2005 and didn’t take in account Uniqlo, but still there is a very competitive environment to face. But Uniqlo, and especially the fast retailing power allows them to pretend to have the financial background to enter such a competitive market. 3. 1. 5: Consumption analysis: The way the Germans dress, and so consume clothing products, can be defined as follows: â€Å"Clothes in Germany resemble styles in the rest of Europe, especially the northern countries. Conservative garments, colors and styles are common, although there is often an independent flair in womens outfits†. (http://www. ehow. com/). This has to be analyzed in pair with their buyer behavior, classical and conservative style. I have based research on the Eurostat figures: http://epp. eurostat. ec. europa. eu/statistics_explained Especially the report called† Business relations in the EU clothing chain: from industry to retail and distribution† dated October 2007. The overall clothing consumption in Germany was 56  880 million Euros, representing a 4. % of the overall consumption. The most successful retail format in Germany according to 2005 figures is specialty chains, with a 29% of the market share, followed by independent stores with a 28%, Mail order stores with 15%, and finally Hypermarkets and department stores with both 14%. If Uniqlo is planning to open a store, it would be considered as a specialty chain one, and those figures could match a mar ket share big enough to consider entering a market. Furthermore, specialty chains market share has gone up significantly in Germany between 2000 (26%) and 2005 (29%). Following the same source, and according to the †KPGM Trends in retailing 2005†, it emerged that successful retailers in Germany are the ones combining individualization of offer, reduction of the brand and sales line portfolio, vertical integration and the search for cost leadership. It is more than interesting intel for Uniqlo and their potential way of getting into the market. Although it already seems to be Uniqlo’s strategy all over the world, it shouldn’t need much adaptation as far as the market entry process is concerned. Also it has to be crossed with their first UK experience that was a failure. . 1. 6 Contractual obligations and Commitment analysis of the German market: Sources: http://www. 7signals. de/en/export-guide-to-the-german-market. pdf http://www. fedex. com/us/international/irc/profiles/irc_de_profile. html? gtmcc=us Germany is a member of both the World trade organization and company and the European Economic Community. As a country of the European Union, if a foreign company wants to enter the German market, it would have to respect both the German laws and the European Union laws. As we all know, there is a free circulation of goods inside the European Union. It means that goods produced or previously imported in another country inside the European Union are custom free. As the laws are very technical, I’m going to quote two relevant statements concerning importation laws. The first one is about goods coming from outside the E. U: â€Å"Customs duties in the EU are calculated advalorem, meaning: derived from the value of the imported goods. This customs value is equivalent to the sales price (cif-price), evidenced by a commercial invoice, and adjusted by adding the costs of transport, insurance and loading in case they are not included in the sales price. Another tax to be considered is the VAT that strikes every product in the European Union. For imported products, this is how it works: â€Å"Goods coming into Germany from non-European countries are subject to an â€Å"import turnover tax† (Einfuhrumsatzsteuer) of 19 percent. It is equivalent to the value-added tax (Mehrwertsteuer) which is levied on all domestically sold items, thus placing the same tax burden on imported and domestic products. The import turnover tax is charged on the customs valuation on the imported good plus a customs duty. Another important thing you need to take into account when importing products to Germany is their interest in what we have already underlined, their environmental policy and the particular attention they pay to certifications. It should be wise to get a recognized certification. In conclusion Germany has not really any Technical Barriers to trade, at least no more than the UK, where Uniqlo has already settled. 3. 1. 7:Channels analysis: Sources: http://www. 7signals. de/en/export-guide-to-the-german-market. pdf It is free for any company to decide which distribution channels they are illing to use in Germany, and there are not any laws about it. Here is a chart referencing the different sales partner and a quick description of each. www. 7signals. de/en/export-guide-to-the-german-market. pdf As Uniqlo is now well established in UK, the distribution channels have to be well thought in order to cost the less possible. We will see what should the best way be in part 4 of this market research. As we have mentioned in 3. 1. 1 country analysis, the country is very easy to deserve and you can easily find logistic solutions you need. 3. 1. 8: Communication Uniqlo has been successful in the UK and in the USA by settling shops in very urban zones and making a big advertising campaign around it, inviting regional stars etc†¦ Germany has the same media infrastructure as those two countries and the consumers are very media oriented in this western European country. This section can’t go without Uniqlo’s capacity to pay analysis, because all the marketing and advertising campaign doesn’t rely on the country means, which are unlimited in that field, but more on what the company could afford, and of course their marketing strategy. Whether they repeat what they know or adapt to the German market. 3. 1. 9 Capacity to pay/Currency Source  : www. standardandpoors. com The currency is Euro, as in all the European Union, and is rating (sources imf. org) 1 Euro = 97. 2239311 Japanese yen, and 1 Euro = 1. 2643 U. S. dollars. Although recently there have been many doubts about the future and the very recent downgrade of France and Austria by Standards and Poors reflects that well, Germany stands above and German economy is still doing well. It is still rated as an AAA country, in terms of reliability and security it is a very good point. The country is not under any threats and is considered as one of the most reliable economy in Europe. We have already gone through the Fast retailing group turnover in the first section of our study, and we know the economic power Uniqlo can rely on to cover all the costs inherent to a new market entry, that is why we dont need to go further in here. We also know the strong will of expanding to Europe of Tadashi Yanai and the globalization strategy of Uniqlo. Neither their capacity to pay nor the currency rate should represent a serious threat to Uniqlo’s entry on the market. 3. 2: Market analysis conclusion: With this analysis of the market based on the 12c framework, we can have a fair idea of the viability of an entry on the market. In my opinion, there have been many positive points concerning the possibilities for Uniqlo to adapt and grow in the German market. There are still a few sides they will have to strongly take care of, first being the conservative way of thinking, and buying of the German consumer. Being a company from Asia, they can be considered as price piercing companies, leaving quality aside, which is as we have pointed out, something very important for surviving on the German market. It shouldn’t be much of a problem, knowing how Uniqlo has succeeded in proposing quality products at a competitive price. They have focused on quality, making economies of scale by selling a simple standardized range; which could fit the German style. It is something they need to stress on a marketing point of view. Uniqlo strategy and product evolution is based a lot on customer’s feedback, they have a big international experience, and they are used to a competitive environment. They seem economically able to enter any market of this kind, pay the taxes, and Germany has no special trading barriers. We will see in the next part of this study what strategy would be the most efficient for the company to enter the German market. * 4. Evaluation of the market entry strategy of Uniqlo into the German market within the next twelve months: First of all, as far as production and management of the shops are concerned, they are based on the SPA system mentioned in part 1. It is their actual model and it is what makes them competitive and able to grow fast as they have done in the last decade. All the quality improvement system and costumer’s feedback is continuously evolving and can adapt to any consumers behavior. That is a strong base of their success and shall remain as it is. Looking at what happened in the UK with their successful â€Å"re-launch† in 2007, and the success of the recent opening of a flagship stores in the US (Wall Street Journal: September 23, 2011, 12:30 PM ET), I would recommend the same approach as far as Germany is concerned. The right entry mode should be to open a large flagship store in a dense urban location. As we have pointed out in our analysis, it should be in a city of great population density. From a marketing point of view, and to avoid the UK launch failure, they should use one of those successful methods. First by opening a â€Å"pop up† store to make a buzz around their brand and their flagship store like they did in the US, or by organizing special openings and events as they have done with UT (see section 2), with German stars and people. They also should use the media coverage to their advantage and use a more global way of advertising. Of course the email advertising and the web sites of Uniqlo are very well made and attractive, but the brand needs more. Now that it has become a global brand and its strategy is to expand, I recommend they use a global TV advertising campaign, where they can show their commitment to quality, innovation and, as far as the German market is concerned, and environment. They have to show they are different from the very present competition in Germany. Along with France, it is supposed to be a gate of entry to the European market, so they must install a strong brand image. Uniqlo has never depended too much on trend analysis or existing theories, says Uoki Takizawa in charge of the Innovation Project.  «The Independent article: Uniqlo: Back to the future. This shows the will of Uniqlo to be less fashion oriented and more dedicated to make the ultimate basic product. This is also a point to emphasize in the German market in particular. In order to differentiate themselves from their comp etitors, they are not looking to produce new collections all the time generating big costs. They just try to innovate in terms of HEATTECH textiles and happenings. This strategy should fit the German market perfectly. * Conclusion: Uniqlo is already a globalized company, part of the clothing retailing giant group Fast Retailing, and his results all over the world are very good, in terms of market share, and brand image. It is very healthy as far as finances are concerned, and the SPA system they are using to improve their reactivity fits totally their brand image. The German market is very interesting in terms of geographical specificities, and facilitates a lot logistics issues. The demand in importation and clothing goods is still on the rise, and their economy stands still, even with the crisis European Union is going through. The buyer behavior of the German consumer fits the image of the brand, in terms of quality and innovation. A decisive area to improve for Union is the environmental certification, which is determining on the German market, for the brand image, and the demand that comes from it.

Rhetorical Analysis Essay on Scientific Research free essay sample

In The Great Influenza, author John M. Barry used juxtaposition, listing, and structure to characterize scientific research as a challenging and uncertain field that requires a lot of courage to accept defeat, but also have the determination to move on. Scientific research is not concrete information that we can rely on, but it is rather something that will continuously change with time and with new findings. Barry uses juxtaposition in his first paragraph when he states that â€Å"Certainty creates strength†¦uncertainty creates weakness. Science is not something we can be sure of because the possibilities of something new coming up are endless. He also explains that uncertainty can be a good thing because uncertainty can slowly lead us in the right direction, if not at our destination. Barry also listed the characteristics of a scientist to explain all the traits that scientists require. One does not only require â€Å"intelligence† and â€Å"curiosity†, but they also need â€Å"patience, creativity, and courage† to be a scientist. We will write a custom essay sample on Rhetorical Analysis Essay on Scientific Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The work of scientist is very tough, because their research and beliefs can all fall apart with a little new discovery. Many people believe that one needs to be scientifically intelligent and curious enough to explore the unknown, but what one requires more than anything is to be able to accept uncertainty but continue making practical theories and predictions. Claude Bernard put it best when she stated, â€Å"Science teaches us to doubt. † The uncertainty of science and the fact that most research is based off of predictions brings one to wonder, how much of what we know is true? And how can we prove it? That is one of the major questions that many scientists face. Science is known to be vast â€Å"wilderness† that contains endless possibilities and is it up to scientists to do the â€Å"grunt work† and dig the information up. Barry uses structure to explain the nature of scientific research, and then the process of how scientists go about with their work. In the first half of the passage, Barry helps the reader understand that uncertainty is the path that scientists must follow. Their ideas can fall apart at any second, with any kind of new breakthrough. They are supposedly always teetering on the edge of a cliff and â€Å"a single step can also take one off a cliff. They are always unsure of anything and everything because they know that science is uncertain. In the second half of the passage, Barry explains how scientists use uncertainty in their work. They need to figure out what tools they need and how to set up their experiment. They must take everything in mind and set up something that would not alter or destroy the source. Barry used several rhetorical questions where he shows the thought process of scientists when he states, â€Å"A shovel can dig up dirt but cannot penetrate rock. Would a pick be best, or would dynamite be better – or would dynamite be too indiscriminately destructive? All these questions show how many factors scientists must take in account before they take any action. Science is a very bizarre path. You may think you are going in the right direction, but then a new road shows up. Science is continuously changing and scientist must, in an environment of uncertainty, force an answer out of the unknown and prove themselves. John M. Barry used juxtaposition, listing, and structure to explain to the reader how difficult scientific research is and how it primarily leans on the shoulder of uncertainty.

Introduction to Early Childhood Education Essay Example

Introduction to Early Childhood Education Essay Example Introduction to Early Childhood Education Essay Introduction to Early Childhood Education Essay A sum-up of the interview conducted in Week Four with an analysis of information collected and how it impacted your apprehension of the professional field of early childhood instruction. In hebdomad four of our category I conducted an interview with a twosome of instructors from my country ( cardinal Florida ) which asked me to stay anon. for proficient grounds. I called them topic ( A ) and capable ( B ) . In that interview they both opened up to me and took me through a journey of the school system in my country. One of the instructors has been learning in this country for about 38 old ages and from what information I had gathered from the interview I can decidedly state that she has seen it all. Teaching was her passion since her early age. she recalls playing instructor with her grandma and aunts seeking to learn them proper English since they merely spoke broken English. Her household migrated to Florida from Greece when she was 6 old ages old and she did non talk a word of English when she started school. She recalls being so diffident and since she didn’t speak any English. all she did was sitting in a corner and colour all twenty-four hours. Up to this twenty-four hours she says she owes everything to her 4th class instructor Mrs. Prim. At first ( A ) thought that Mrs. Prim was the meanest individual in the whole universe for taking away her colouring documents and crayons and coercing her in a manner to larn English. ( A ) Admitted to me that she hated Mrs. Prim for making that to her. but one time she started larning the English linguistic communication she had a alteration of bosom. The remainder as they say is history. ( B ) on the other manus has merely been learning for about 5 old ages and she loves it. She’s an E. S. L. teacher and her twenty-four hours consists of learning English to pull the leg of that English is a 2nd linguistic communication. She says that she wants to assist others as person helped her female parent learn the English linguistic communication many old ages ago and helped her make something of herself. A description of at least one cardinal issue or tendency in early childhood plans and how it impacts the instruction of immature kids. Within the field of early childhood instruction. several issues are presently being debated and many new developments are emerging. One of these tendencies is toward the enlargement and redefinition of early childhood instruction to include all educational experiences for kids from birth to 8 old ages of age. Another tendency is the increased involvement in developmentally appropriate instruction. which takes into history what is known about how immature kids develop and larn. and lucifers that to the content and schemes planned for them in early childhood plans. A 3rd tendency is the renewed involvement in incorporate course of study. One attack to this is thematic organisation. in which accomplishments. facts. and subject-matter cognition are integrated around a consolidative subject. A 4th tendency is toward the reliable appraisal of children’s acquisition. which is the procedure of detecting. entering. and otherwise documenting the work kids do and how they do it. as a footing for a assortment of educational determinations that affect a kid. Another tendency is increased involvement in mixed-age groupings in preschools and nongraded instruction in early primary class plans. A concluding tendency is toward multicultural instruction and anti-bias course of study in early childhood in response to quickly turning minority populations. and increasing cultural pluralism and planetary consciousness. A brief description of the instructional approach/model that best lucifers your personal educational doctrine and how you believe that attack contributes to quality programming for immature kids. The High/Scope Approach is the 1 that matches my personal doctrine the best. The High/Scope environment combines teacher-directed and learner-directed constructions to learn pupils to believe creatively and construct relationships utilizing inventiveness while playing games. In other words High/Scope lets the kids use their imaginativeness freely and without any boundaries which encourage pupils to take part in unfastened treatments and inquire unfastened inquiries. Your current doctrine of instruction ( based on your assignment from Week Three ) . My doctrine is to do learning merriment and interesting for my pupils every bit much as possible. I say this because there will ever be a twosome or more childs in a schoolroom that need to be intrigued or need excess attending. I besides believe that some traditional methods tend to be tiring. hich draws students’ involvement elsewhere and off from larning. Your programs. at this point. for your hereafter in early childhood instruction. My programs at this point are to obtain my BA in Early Childhood Education and get down learning World History and Geography. I believe that childs today lack the cognition and the great lessons that can be learned from all the noteworthy characters through history. Just conceive of how would person in the likes of Michelangelo or Da Vinci would had left their grade in history if they didn’t have a great instructor to pave the manner for them.

Out of the Dust by Karen Hesse essays

Out of the Dust by Karen Hesse essays Out of the Dust is a story about a girl, Billie Jo, her mother and father are struggling through financial hardship on the farm. The setting is Oklahoma, in 1934, and as we know, life in the thirties is very tough. The book doesn't say much about her father, but in the book, it gives me an impression that he feels a strong connection to their homeland. Her father always wanted to have a boy, so he named his daughter Billie Jo. Her mother comes from superior background. Her mother plays the piano beautifully and, whenever she plays, Billie Jo's father stands in the doorway and watches her with something in his eyes Billie Jo hardly ever sees. Billie Jo also plays piano, but not as good as her mom, and as she says in the book, she wishes she can get her fathers attention, too, like her mom does. Billie Jo's mother is pregnant and they're all looking forward to the baby's arrival. However, before the baby arrives, there is a dust storm. It kills many of their neighbors. So they decide to move to California where things are seems to be better. However, Billie Jos father refuse to move, he says that he has lived through hard times before and he makes his family to stay, too. The climax is the tragedy. Unfortunately, one day, her father leaves a pail of kerosene by the stove and her mother thinks that is water and throws it on the stove. The flames blow out; they kill her mother and the baby. They also burn Billie Jo and permanently leave a scar on her hands, so that playing the piano becomes impossible for her now. Life becomes miserable to Billie Jo's. She has always thinks it is hard to communicate with her father, plus after the death of her mother and the baby, her father becomes more unreachable. Therefore, Billie Jo decides to run away home to get away from the dust and leaves behind everything she has ever loved. ...

High Speed Rail in United States Research Paper

High Speed Rail in United States - Research Paper Example The commitment of the USA government in the developing of high speed rail is captured in the recent speech by president Obama that: â€Å"We want to start looking deep into the 21st century and say to ourselves, There is no reason why other countries can build high-speed rail lines and we cant", Right here in Tampa we’re building the future’’ (Walsh, 2010)   "Building a world class transportation system is part of what made us an economic superpower."  Ã‚  "And now we're going to sit back and watch China build newer airports and faster railroads - at a time when millions of unemployed construction workers could build them right here in America." (US High-Speed Rail Association, 2011)  Ã‚  The above speeches by President Obama called for the creation of a high-speed rail so as to enhance economic productivity. According to Walsh (2010), on Thursday, January 28, 2010, the White House announced that it was to award $8 billion in efforts to stimulate the start ing of high-speed rail projects and improve 13 other corridors across the USA. President Obama and his deputy president Joe Biden traveled to Tampa, Florida in their campaign to announce the kicking off an 84-mile high-speed track project from Tampa to Orlando.  High-speed Rails brings about economic development creates employment and brings changes in land uses which are beneficial. nationalatlas.gov (2011) observes that Freight railroads are important for global competitiveness and the economic well-being of United States.

Lifespan development of a lower class Indian Essay

Lifespan development of a lower class Indian - Essay Example I vowed him that I won't use his name or identity in my report. He was happy to talk with me for an academic study. The man, I interviewed is a 36 year old Indian. His place is in Kerala, the Southern tip of India. He is married with one child. He is a science graduate and working in a private firm in one f the cities in Kerala. He spoke gently and soberly. His sound was smooth but masculine. His dressing pattern is quite impressive. The most visible attraction was the focus of his observations and comments. He spoke to me about his lifespan development continuously. He was some times aggressive and some times disappointed. The man was born in a farmer family in nearby rural area. His father was peasant. He did his education in a primary school in his native village and then shifted to the nearby town for higher education. So he believed that he has mix of rural and urban culture. During our interaction he talked to me about history, politics, social movements, economic situation and landscaping of his village, state and the country. He was quite sure that these things had a direct bearing on his moulding. So he told me about the political landscaping of his native place. Kerala was a highly caste based area in India. There were upper castes and lower castes. Untouchability was predominant in that society for centuries. Besides during the British colonial period, this area was under rule of Great Britain. The Travancore Kingdom was the local rulers of his area. There are also other royal groups. During King's era, people here had great obsession with Royal family. When British came, local King surrendered his power to them. He was belonged to a lower caste called Ezhavas. They were considered as touchables by the upper class and denied of educational, political and social rights. His father and mother were agricultural workers. When India got independence, Travancore prince decided to maintain his Kingdom as a stand alone country. But it was that time; the Communist movement got a considerable support in this area. Communist party had lot of influence among the agricultural workers and lower class people. His father and mother were also become part o f the movement. There was a strong rebellion against Travancore prince and hundred of people shot dead by the King's police. But by then Indian Government forcibly merged Travancore into Indian Union. After some years Kerala was created as a state of India. By that time communist movement had become a strong force in the area. In the consequent election to the state assembly, communist party was elected to rule the state. I t was the first democratically elected communist government in the world. The man, I am interviewing was naturally born to a communist family back ground and highly influenced by it. In his childhood itself, he was involved in many struggles organised by communist parties. As a member of Ezhava family, the man was also influenced by a spiritual leader, Sree Narayana Guru(Teacher). This leader was considered as the spiritual father of Ezhava community. His ideas were universe. Though he was considered as a Sanyasi (one who given up physical possessions), he was also revolutionist, who talked about industry, socialism and reform of mind. He had asked his followers to strengthen life through education and prosperity through industry. This two schools of thoughts (communism and

Female infanticide Essay Example for Free

Female infanticide Essay Imagine a world with no women. There are no wives, no sisters, no daughters, and no mothers. Unfortunately, this world is on the brink of becoming a scary reality for Asian countries such as China and India. Due to attempts to control population and the low value associated with females in these societies historically and culturally, both China and India are now facing a serious gender imbalance. Female infanticide and sex-selective abortion are responsible for this gender imbalance. Due to the high occurrence of foeticides, infanticides, including new born neglect and abandonment, he world is currently deprived of over 100 million women. China and India alone are responsible for 80 million missing females. CHINA: In 1978 China introduced the one-child policy. The Chinese population was growing too fast and already was enormous. The government introduced this policy to slow down the growth of the population of China. This encouraged female infanticide even more. Before the introduction of the one-child policy female infanticide already existed. According to a report, an interview with 40 women over age 50, who claimed to have given birth to 183 sons and 175 daughters, of whom 126 sons but only 53 aughters survived to age 10. By their account, the women had destroyed 78 of their daughters. To Chinese families the son is the most important child. They believe that the son can work, carry the family name and look after elderly parents. Only after the desire of having a son or two has been met, do Chinese families prefer having a girl. INDIA: In the global arena, India is indeed fast developing and is gradually becoming a force to reckon with and this makes us extremely proud. However, there are certain home truths we arent aware of or chose to turn a deaf ear to. Female infanticide is one of them. India as a country is steeped in patriarchal values and thereby continues to talk about the importance of raising a male child. The idea of the male child enwraps an image of future security, protection, wealth and prosperity. Only can a male child grow up to look after his family. Only can a male child protect his family. Women are simply viewed as commodities and properties belonging to men. Women are perceived to be a burden on the family. From the time she is born, the only way her physical being/existence is given meaning is by virtue of marriage. In the institution of marriage lies the salvation of the woman. In looking after her husband and bearing children lies her attainment of Nirvana. And with marriage comes the social evil of dowry (giving away lump sums of money and gifts during marriage) which continues to haunt families. A large population of India continues to struggle on a daily basis for its survival. In a situation like this, the additional appendage of giving dowry to the grooms family increases the misery of an already devastated financial situation of the average Indian family. female infanticide.

Helena Viramontes Miss Clairol Essay -- short story, Miss Clairol

Helena Viramontes' short story, "Miss Clairol," takes the reader through a day in the life of Arlene, a single Hispanic mother, and her daughter, Champ. They begin their day at K-Mart in search for just the right beauty products for Arlene because she is going on a date that evening. After leaving without paying, they spend the day at home. Arlene prepares for the date while Champ assists her, watches television, and fixes herself dinner. Once Arlene is sufficiently fixed, she leaves for the date, ignoring Champ as she yells goodbye. Although I had to read "Miss Clairol" all the way through several times in order to develop a full understanding of the story and its purpose, I needed no extra reading to understand Arlene and my feelings about her. From the beginning of the story, my gut reaction to Arlene was disgust, and as I continued to read, my distaste only enlarged. Although I do not feel that Viramontes' sole purpose was to disturb the reader by her characterization of this sin gle mother, that was what kept my attention from the moment she was introduced. My dislike for Arlene began with the mere description of her physical appearance . When Arlene is first presented, she is depicted wearing "bell bottom jeans two sizes too small" and "a pink strapless tube top" (78). Not only do her clothes fit improperly, but "her stomach spills over the hip hugger jeans" as well (78). I next realized Arlene is accompanied by her young daughter, Champ. I was caught off guard by her blatant use of profanity in front of Champ. For example, she responds to Champ's question about which Miss Clairol box to grab saying, "Shit, mija, I dunno," and after dropping a gum wrapper on the ground, the simple comment, "Fuck it," expresses her nonchala... ...e next man is so far from romantic in the way I understand the concept, that it angers me to hear about it. Arlene's misunderstanding of romance epitomizes my serious dislike for her. My experience with good parenting and romance is so opposite of Arlene's parenting and ideas of romance that I am repulsed by them. Because it is so easy to develop set ideas of what is right and wrong concerning these concepts at such a young age, it is difficult to rid myself of the biases now that I am a young adult. These cultural biases that created the lens through which I read this story strongly affected my perception of Arlene in a way that no one else can experience. Work Cited Viramontes, Helena. "Miss Clairol." Literature and Gender: Thinking Critically through Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Eds. Robyn Wiegman and Elena Glasberg. New York: Longman, 1999. 78-81. Print.

My Quality World

Typically when people think of their quality world they think of the perfect life; fun, friends, the dream family, dream Job, and the money to buy anything they desire. Of course ideally I want the finer things in life, but I would never want to be the type of person to be the type of person to take handouts. I aspire to be a strong, independent, intelligent woman with strong determination & whom is persistent to honestly earn everything I have. I am currently working towards an associates in counting, and later transfer to an university for a bachelors in business administration.Afterwards I will like to get my relaters license. I want to flip houses on the market, and use that money to invest into other business ventures. I feel like it is important to have a backup plan and a backup plan for my back up plan to ensure my business empire will be happen. However I don't want to do it all for Just myself. I want to be able to provide for my love ones; the ones who were selfless & love d me enough to take care of me when I couldn't provide for myself. My family means a lot to me and I want to be able to show them that.Home is where the heart is and my heart is with them. Although independence is a very important part of my quality world , I know I can't do it all on my own. I feel like any plan that doesn't have God In It is a plan to fail. I want to have a strong spiritual connection. I believe that this would help bring harmony and tranquility in my life. I want to give off good vibes and positive energy, and I want the people around me to share those same values. I want o be open minded enough to intake different knowledge from those who surround me.My quality world Involves comfort , but never to be content. Failure Is not an option , and neither is Just settling. The ultimate goal Is to be successful. When I look at being successful I don't Just see It from a materialistic aspect, but rather as being well rounded. Within my quality world I have peace of mind, wisdom, financial stability, happiness, and surround by the people I love and good vibes. I currently see myself as a diamond In a rough to make my quality world reality.

Benefits of a cashless society Essay

It cannot be denied that there is a wide variety of benefits to be gained by a society from a cashless system. In a society where time is as important as money, going cashless can be a big help since the main benefit that a society can get from a cashless system is convenience. A cashless system can be convenient when doing transactions in banks, restaurants, hospitals, airlines, shopping malls, supermarkets, and even in vending machines. Who would have thought that a small piece of plastic card can do wonders for men? Instead of having a hard time finding the exact amount of coins or cash in one’s pocket to pay for a cup of coffee or a can of soda in a vending machine, a person can just insert this piece of plastic card through the slot. Instantly, the exact amount of his purchase is deducted accurately from the amount on the card. Can one imagine how dirty money is? The money that keeps on passing from hand to hand is dirty. Numerous hands will handle this money until it becomes worn out and be recalled and replaced by the government. The handling of money from one individual to another provides an easy way for bacteria to spread quickly. Cashless transactions in restaurants will provide for proper hygiene since the staff will no longer have to handle cash and at the same time handle the food being served. Instead of falling in line and paying for food that has gone cold due to having waited so long to be served, an employee can now enjoy his break from office, and will therefore be encouraged to go back and patronize the restaurant. Likewise, a person will no longer suffer the inconvenience of falling in line in supermarkets, shopping malls and hospitals to pay their bills at the cashier. Since there will no longer be cash to steal, bank and store robberies will cease to occur. There will also be a decrease in attacks on cashiers, storekeepers, taxi drivers, and shoppers. There will be a decrease in crime rates, and so society will no longer have to pay huge amount of tax dollars to go after the criminals. There is no more reason for society to worry about these crimes. The change from cash to electronic money payment will also help the government in their collection of unpaid taxes. The taxes can be automatically deducted from a person’s account. The government will no longer have to spend much money in tracking down tax evaders. Income tax rates can be lowered as a result and the national debt will be greatly reduced. Drug trafficking will also cease to occur since anomalous transactions will be detected electronically. It will also be difficult for some people to launder money since a cashless system will be able to tell how much money was debited or credited in a particular bank account. Not having to print money will prove to be advantageous to the government since it will mean security and cost savings. Counterfeiting of paper currency will now be a thing of the past. In a cashless society, printing of paper money will no longer be necessary. When previously a person will have to buy stamps and envelopes to mail checks as payments, a person can now easily complete cashless transactions. Even on days when the banks are closed, a person can make transactions provided he has internet connection. A person can also make purchases without the use of cash. He can buy products through the internet when he is at home or with the use of credit cards when he in a shopping mall. In a cashless society, instead of paying with cash, employers can have the amount credited to their employees account. This is being done with the use of the Automated Teller Machine (ATM). The employer is then spared from the expense, added time, and inconvenience of going to the bank to withdraw the salaries. It has been said that cashless transactions have been around since the 1960’s. But it has been more prevalent in today’s society. Today, people benefit from cashless transactions through the use of ATMs, debit and credit cards, prepayment cards, the smart cards, or the mobile cash. A handful of people who are against a cashless society have brought up a number of disadvantages such as security and privacy being lost. With proper analysis and study, these drawbacks can be solved. Despite their concerns, it seems obvious that the advantages to be gained from it far outweigh the disadvantages. For in a society that prefers convenience and cost savings, having a cashless society will prove to be more beneficial. REFERENCE Our cashless Future†¦ (27 June 2007). TadpoleNet. Tadpole Technews News and Politics. . . Accessed 29March 2008.

The History, Practice, Implications of Megans Law

The History, Practice, Implications of Megans Law Megans Law is a federal law passed in 1996 that authorizes local law enforcement agencies to notify the public about convicted sex offenders living, working or visiting their communities. Megans Law was inspired by the case of seven-year-old Megan Kanka, a New Jersey girl who was raped and killed by a known child molester who moved across the street from the family. The Kanka family fought to have local communities warned about sex offenders in the area. The  New Jersey  legislature passed Megans Law in 1994. In 1996, the U.S. Congress passed Megans Law as an amendment to the Jacob Wetterling Crimes Against Childrens Act. It required every state have a sex offender registry and a notification system for the public when a  sex offender  is released into their community. It also required that repeat sex offenders receive a sentence of life in prison. Different states have different procedures for making the required disclosures. Generally, the information that is included within the notification is the  offenders name, picture, address, incarceration date, and offense of conviction. The information is most often displayed on free public  websites, but can be distributed through  newspapers, distributed in  pamphlets, or through various other means. The federal law was not the first on the books that addressed the issue of registering convicted sex offenders. As early as 1947, California had laws that required sex offenders to be registered. Since the passage of the federal law in May of 1996, all states have passed some form of Megans Law. History - Before Megan's Law Before Megans Law being passed, the Jacob Wetterling Act of 1994 required that each state must  maintain and  develop a registry of sexual offenders and other offenses related to crimes against children. However, the registry information was only made available to law enforcement and was not open to public viewing unless information about an individual became a matter of public safety. The actual effectiveness of the law as a tool to protect the public was challenged by Richard and Maureen Kanka of Hamilton Township, Mercer County, New Jersey after their 7-year-old daughter, Megan Kanka, was abducted, raped and murdered.  He was sentenced to death, but on  December 17, 2007, the death penalty was abolished by the New Jersey Legislature and Timmendequas sentence was  commuted  to  life in prison  without the possibility of  parole. Repeat sex offender, Jessee Timmendequas had been convicted twice for sex crimes against children when he moved into a home across the street from Megan. On July 27, 1994, he lured Megan into his house where he raped and murdered her, then left her body in a nearby park.  The following day he confessed to the crime and led police to Megans body. The Kankas said that had they known that their neighbor, Jessee Timmendequas was a convicted sex offender, Megan would be alive today.  The Kankas fought to change the law, wanting to make it mandatory that states notify the residents of a community when sex offenders are living in the community or move to the community. Paul Kramer, a Republican Party politician who served four terms in the New Jersey General Assembly, sponsored the package of seven bills known as Megans Law in New Jersey General Assembly in 1994. The bill was enacted in New Jersey 89 days after Megan was kidnapped, raped and murdered. Criticism of Megan's Law Opponents of Megans Law feel that it invites vigilante violence and reference cases like William Elliot who was shot and killed in his home by vigilante Stephen Marshall. Marshall located Elliots personal information on the  Maine Sex Offender Registry website. William Elliot was required to register as a sex offender at the age of 20 after being convicted of having sex with his girlfriend who was just days away from turning 16 years old. Reformist organizations have criticized the law because of the negative collateral effects on the family members of registered sex offender. It also finds it unfair because it means that sex offenders are subjected to indefinite punishments.

Turkey essays

Turkey essays The Turkish nation cannot hide the fact that it holds a horrific human rights record. Yet there are many other states that have abused such rights, were able to put an end to violent acts against humankind, and now stand amongst the greatest and most respected powers in the world. The United States practiced slavery; Germany, under the Nazis, was responsible for the greatest genocide in history. However, they were able to reform their policies and once again establish nations whose goals are to protect the rights of their people. We do not ask you to forgive us for our past actions, but to recognize the fact we have chosen to take the road of reforming our policies. Turkey has already taken great strides to achieve its goals. We also ask of you to help, support and give us advice on how to preserve human rights within our country. We promise that we will achieve this goal. II. Human Rights and the European Union Turkey became a candidate for E.U. membership in 1999. However, it must meet the Copenhagen criteria before membership negotiations can begin. The criteria require that all applicant states demonstrate stability of institutions guaranteeing democracy, the rule of law. Human rights, and respect for and protection of minorities. Due to the fact that full membership in the European Union is the primary objective of Turkish foreign policy, the country is taking all measures and putting great effort into meeting these criteria. Turkey is attempting to transform virtually its entire social structure to bring its policies and laws more into line with European norms. One of its objectives is also to resolve disputes through peaceful means and to contribute to regional peace, stability, security and prosperity. Turkey has demonstrated its resolve in ensuring the stability of democratic institutions and upgrading human rights standards. The new Turkish Civil C ...

Smoking New Laws and how they changed america Research Paper

Smoking New Laws and how they changed america - Research Paper Example ........................VIII Third Hand Smoke†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..IX Why People Cannot Quit†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..X Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦XI Smoking I. The Twentieth Century’s Take On Smoking Despite all the research that has been done on smoking, millions of Americans still use this form of tobacco. In fact, 45.3 million adults, ages eighteen and over, still smoke in the United States. That is 19.3 percent of the ad ult population (Center for Disease Control, 2011). Tobacco use has been popular for many decades, but in the past, Americans did not know any better. This report will focus on the changes America has made with their smoking laws, and will show the differences it has made in the United States. II. Smoking Laws Today When smoking was first introduced, it became the way of life. Not only was it okay to smoke in your car, it was also allowed in restaurants, shopping malls, and hospitals. If you felt the need to smoke, you did not have to wait until you got outside and ten feet away from the entrance. Nowadays, though, it is against the law to smoke in most buildings and even numerous national parks. If you do smoke in your car, you might be frowned upon, especially if there are children present. Currently, twenty five states and Washington D.C. are completely smoke-free, which includes restaurants, bars, and parks (Center for Disease Control, 2011). III. Why There Are Smoking Laws The r eason there is such a push for smoke-free states is because of the harmful effects of secondhand smoke. Inhaling secondhand smoke is similar to smoking a cigarette, for it can cause just as many problems. Individuals can develop cancer and lung problems that tobacco causes without smoking one cigarette. Because this research was not available a few decades ago, smoking inside a building was not given a second thought. As research progressed, however, smoking laws started to take effect. Not soon enough, unfortunately, because many Americans have become the victims of secondhand smoke. When smoking laws were put into place, the smokers of America were enraged that public smoking was becoming taboo. While a few cigarette users understood the advantages, most felt like it was taking away their rights as Americans. All the complaining, though, did not stop the laws from progressing. According to the executive director of Americans for Nonsmoker’s Rights, Cynthia Hallett, â€Å"T hese smoke-free laws start at a local level. They are based on community demand, science looking at exposure to secondhand smoke and the environmental impact† (Ossad, 2011). Since secondhand smoke is believed to have caused over fifty thousand deaths in the United States, America’s people are standing up for their rights. IV. Smoking Banned Outside In Some States Smoking has also been banned outside in public properties in a few different states. New York City, for example, banned smoking at all parks and plaza’

Assess the role of law, and determine its importance,compare key Essay

Assess the role of law, and determine its importance,compare key arguements in the writting of thomass hobbes and john locke - Essay Example It is the contrasts observable in the philosophical arguments that form the basis of this analytical essay on the importance and role of law, with a view to reaching a credible conclusion. Introduction The concept of the role of law has been presented differently by different scholars. While there is a general agreement on the role and importance of law in the society, the philosophy behind this concept differs according to different scholars. There is a general agreement that the fundamental role of law is to maintain order in the society, through the protection of the basic rights of individuals (Collins, 2005 p42). In a society where people are living together, it is inevitable to develop rules of conduct that guide the relationship and interactions between the people. While such rules of conducts may be developed and applied differently by different societies, the objective is simply the same; to protect the fundamental rights of individuals within the society (Grant, 1987 p12). Therefore, this essay will argue on the role and importance of law, as advocated for by two different scholars, namely Thomas Hobbes and John Locke. Discussion The prime essence of law in the society is to regulate social behavior (Brown, 1965 p7). ... However, according to Thomas Hobbes, who was a renowned English philosopher, the major problem that exists in the world is that of establishing political and social order (Dietz, 1990 p114). Therefore, the fundamental question regarding social interaction is on how people can live together, without the danger and fear of conflict. This forms the basis of his Moral and Political Philosophy, which postulates that to realize peaceful coexistence in the society full of undue danger and fear of conflict, people should give their obedience to an unaccountable sovereign, which could take the form of an individual or a group that is vested with the powers of deciding on the political and social issues facing the society (Collins, 2005 p45). This point to the inevitable need for some form of law that is vested on certain social institutions, which have the powers to interpret and apply the laws for the common benefit of the society and al individuals, who have committed their obedience to suc h institutions. Thus according to Thomas Hobbes, the need for law in the society stems from the fact that the state of nature is one full of universal insecurity, where all people have the right to fear violent death (Brown, 1965 p12). Therefore, the role of law is to guarantee such people their security, and thus eliminate the danger and fear of violent death that is present in the state of nature, which is likened to a state of civil war. Hobbes further observes that it is practically impossible to achieve a rewarding human cooperation (Franklin, 1978 p61). This is because; individuals will always take advantage of their strengths to dominate over the weaker ones in the society, and thus expose them to the danger and fear of violent death. Thus according

Wk 2 disc (22&31) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wk 2 disc (22) - Essay Example I agree with the Hansen et. al (2006) study because I think that the factors they found: showing respect for the clients world view, evaluating when the counselors own views, assumptions and biases are impeding the counseling process, and establishing rapport are very important in working with any group, but especially with multicultural groups (p. 70). In the study by Constantine et. al (2004), a good point was made that many institutions are not open to multiculturalism and this can cause problems. However, a counselor who is willing to be flexible and who is willing to get to know different cultures will succeed better than someone who is not. Constantine et. al also said that a multi-cultural counselor must understand cultural issues. I believe this is true because this is a way that one can relate better to a client and it develops trust. Hansen, N.D., Randazzo, K. V., Schwartz, A., Marshall, M., Kalis, D., Frazier, R., Burke, C., Kershner-Rice, K., and Norvig, G. (Nancy Downing Hansen, Katherine V. Randazzo (2006). Do we practice what we preach? An exploratory survey of multicultural psychotherapy competencies. Professional Psychology Research and Practice, 37 (1), p.

Human imperfection Essay Example for Free

Human imperfection Essay There is a substantial debate among artists, critics and connoisseurs regarding the purpose of art. If views of painters like John Ruskin, writers like Robert Browning and art critic like Walter Pater are taken into account then it could be seen the perspective of the significance of art varies from person to person and school to school. Generally, the human race considers art as something that is pleasing to the eye or invokes certain emotions when viewed. And what many artists consider to be art is something which you can do and enjoy and in the end, produce something that gives a feeling of success. There are many different ways to express one using the concept called art. The most common style of art which most people think of when they think of art is the painting. The painting is usually just some form of paint media, whether oil or watercolor or whichever style it is, and the paint is then placed on some form of canvas. There are, however, literally hundreds of styles of art within the world. They range from the painting, which although never simple, isnt necessarily the most complex way to express yourself. Art can even be considered in simple writing, usually in the form of poetry. The spoken word can have a more profound effect than physical art. A simple poem can invoke a range of emotions rather quickly. If a poem refers to someone who is close to the author, the author may feel overwhelmed when viewing their own artistic expression. But a painting can just as easily invoke the same feelings as a written piece of art. And a simple sketch has the chance of being just as profound. (Lamb, 243-245) In this context Ruskin’s point of view should be taken into account as he pointed out that the primary purpose of art is to evoke the value of god by showing the detrimental side of the human nature. He advocated this thesis with high degree of indulgence in his text ‘Modern Painters’. On the other hand Browning’s views of art were different from that of Ruskin but was not contrasting as he believed that perfection is what that all mattered in art. According to his views art should cover up the human imperfection and present a faultless, great and ideal image of the human being. His point of view on art was mostly presented through the characters Andrea del Sarto and Fra Lippo Lippi. It could be assumed that according to Browning art resembled whatever that was beautiful and faultless. In sharp contrast the point of view of Walter Pater completely rejects the previous two ideas. According to Walter Pater art should always be sensual and provoking. His idea of art completely ignores the aspects of spiritualities and sentiments along with any relation to emotion and theology. According to him any art that fails to evoke sensual feeling or satisfies the erotic feelings of the audience could well be labeled as failed art. In this context it would be relevant to quote Sir Kenneth Clark from his text ‘The Nude’. He mentioned that â€Å"no nude, however abstract, should fail to arouse in the spectator some vestige of erotic feeling, even though it be only finest shadow-and it if does no do so, it is bad art and false moral†. (Clark, 79) However, it can be stated that Art could be considered something as simple as an action someone has done for a cause or for somebody. If someone holds the door for somebody else, it could be their art to be generous and gentlemanly. Even acts of crime can be considered forms of art. In many thieving circles, the method of breaking and entering or robbing places is merely called the Art of Theft. Thus one can never really limit art to one thing. Rather, it is a wide arrangement of things. And one can never truly crack down and say that something is only artistic if it is of some particular kind of medium, because somebody else will disagree. It can be stated that Art is basically anything that anyone does which has a profound effect on somebody or something else. From a simple act of kindness to a masterpiece painting that took years out of somebody’s life. Some art can be considered more complex, and some art can be considered simpler in contrast. But, the fact of the matter is, in the eye of the beholder, art could be anything. So is it really possible for us to define what art is or can we really set any realistic guidelines as to whats art and what isnt art? It is always possible to create guidelines, but it is often considered an art-form in itself to break said guidelines. Similarly, the aesthetics of art could well be beyond the definition set by rigid guideline and logically thus the significance or purpose of art remains a relative concept. But defining what is aesthetic and what isnt can also be quite an undertaking. Simply put, something that is aesthetically pleasing is something that appeals to the senses. For instance, flowers give a nice aesthetic sense of smell by offering their pleasant odors. A nicely painted picture can give off a nice aesthetic sight for somebody to enjoy. Often it is difficult to create something aesthetically pleasing, as there are many ways to easily offend peoples senses. For instance, if you wanted to create a painting to give off an aesthetic feeling of hope, you probably wouldnt use an over abundance of dark colors. Dark colors are often used to show calmness or even more commonly, something sad and depressing. Also, when painting, if you use wider and more circular strokes with a lighter press on your brush, youll give off more depressing tones and colors. So, it would be more advisable to use lighter colors and more agile handling of the brush. Lighter colors often give off a feeling of warmth and happiness, which is something that you would like to be doing if you would like to create something hopeful. (King, 126) However, it can be stated that it doesnt really matter whether or not we can define the significance of art, because art is just an expression. It is a method for human beings to get out their emotions and share them with the rest of the world. It helps to describe what cannot be spoken. A picture is worth a thousand words, but even those thousand words can yet again produce a thousand additional pictures. And in this method of thought, the significance of art has an infinite number of possibilities and an infinite number of ways to influence the lives of others. Thus the significance or the purpose of art lies in its spirituality, humane approach, sense of beauty and even sensuality all at the same time and there should not be any rigidity in this context. References: Clark, Kenneth; The Nude; (Alliance Publishers. 2002) King, H; Aesthetic Today (HBT Brooks Ltd. 2005) pp 126 Lamb, Davis; Cult to Culture: The Development of Civilization on the Strategic Strata. (National Book Trust. 2004) pp 243-245.

Free Ulysses Essays: Buck Mulligan and Stephen Dedalus :: Joyce Ulysses Essays

Buck Mulligan and Stephen Dedalus of Ulysses Though I realize that Ulysses is a masterful paradigm of innovative techniques (or so the faculty of the university would have one believe) - it is the conflicting natures of Buck Mulligan and Stephen Dedalus which I find of primary (if not sole) interest. Dedalus is a disillusioned, Jesuit trained academic with literary aspirations. His academic pursuits have led to a symbolic burning of his wings (his emotional detachment) as he rose to "the enlightenment of the Sun." He tolerates neither the abusive Buck Mulligan nor the condescending Oxonian Haines (the coinhabitants of Martello Tower) and feigns interest in the citizenry of Dublin. Buck Mulligan is a cynical man of action. He mocks Dedalus' beliefs and intellectual prowess. Whereas Dedalus fears water (perhaps symbolizing baptism) - Mulligan once saved a drowning man. Mulligan "plunges into life" while Stephen meekly questions existence and his place in reality. Mulligan can ingratiate himself to the "peasantry" (see the encounter with the unpaid Milk woman) while Dedalus broods on Irish history and appears the elitist. Stephen has been "blinded by the Sun" and lives in a shapeless world. His feelings of guilt (primarily concerning his mother's hideous death and the abandonment of his sisters to poverty) coupled with his sense of estrangement necessitates a continuous introspection as recourse. His relentless pursuit of absolute truths (a concept dear to the Aristotelian Jesuits) clarifies little and fuels his discontent. As a teacher he is uncaring - oblivious to the inadequacies of his students. As an employee he is held in light regard. "You were not born to be a teacher, I think...To learn one must be humble" states the schoolmaster, Mr.Deasy (35). His literary views are scorned by his contemporaries and he is not considered a poet of any promise. Yet Dedalus is a hero of a different ilk. Stephen is a sincere "thinker" and as such is diametrically opposed to Mulligan - "the man of action." He considers the import of his actions and grieves his perceived sins - Mulligan hides in cynicism.

Practical Report

My possible results were now: Bacillus cereus, Mycobacterium segments, or Lasciviously acidophilus. Next I preformed the acid fast staining. When preparing this slide and viewing it on oil immersion, I was a little more confident about the negative result yielded. You are less likely to confuse a negative blue with a positive fuchsia or pink color, which was my issue in my gram staining process. Was teetering on whether my gram stain was purple, red, or both. My results in the acid fast staining were clearly blue, making the results negative.Looking back at the key, it narrows my possible results by one, leaving me with: Mycobacterium segments, or Lasciviously acidophilus. My last staining slide was the spore stain. Here yielded a negative result. The color on my slide was red. From lab red is highlighting the cell, here green would represent the spore. Did have maybe one or two green spots, but chalked that up to over dripping of malachite green, over microwaving, or not enough wate r on paper towel, as my slide was cracked in half after being microwaves. Looking back again at the lab key was narrowed my choices again, ending up with Lasciviously acidophilus.In the end, three staining tests results were as follows: Gram yielded positive, acid sat yielded negative, and spore standardized negative. The morphology that noticed was rod shape. I had a hard time distinguishing long rods from short rods. In my opinion the rods seemed short, if possible when they appeared longer they looked more like two short rods were just attached at the ends. So my thought as to what my unknown bacteria is, would be: Lasciviously acidophilus. My rationale for my results answer is mainly based on what was yielded from the staining Of each slide.The colored results matched to either positive or negative and the morphology just takes you a tepee closer in matching your result. The bacteria that believe my results yielded is Lasciviously acidophilus. It is known as a â€Å"friendly' b acteria and is a very common proportion that is found naturally in our bodies, mainly in the mouth, intestines, and the vagina. Structure wise Lasciviously acidophilus is a single-celled prokaryotic microorganism that lacks a distinct nucleus. It also contains a cell wall, a cytoplasm membrane, a nucleoli, cytoplasm, ribosome, pill, and flagella.It is rod shaped and measures about 0. 5 to 0. 8 micrometer across by 2 to 9 mm in length. It occurs in chains and is non spore forming (Sanders 322). Lasciviously acidophilus has optimal growth at 37-42 degrees Celsius. They are able to live in highly acidic environments. Prefers to grow at low pH, anything below 5. It is a motile bacteria that grows in or without the presence of oxygen. Bacteria is able to digest lactose. Culture preparations consist of dried or liquid cultures of living bacteria (it can be grown on agar slants made of 2% agar in a solution of 3. 5% Lasciviously broth).High colony counts on mediums that contain potassium a cetate, dextrose, and CHOPPY to name a ewe. This bacteria is used as a proportion to prevent/treat vaginal candidates, yeast infections of the mouth, and diarrhea. Overuse or a side effects that are currently known about this bacteria is constipation and flatulence. With Lasciviously acidophilus there wasn't much about the production of toxins it could cause, but more about the dittoing abilities. It aids in producing enzymes which promote digestibility, decreases the levels of toxic amines in the blood, the positive list goes on.When researching of other bacteria that was closely related to Lasciviously acidophilus. I was unsuccessful. But because it does grow naturally within us this bacteria works in conjunction with other bacteria and organisms within our bodies. After coming to the conclusion of my results until now I think was very oblivious to the bacteria that I was looking up. The more in-depth search I went into I realized I used this bacteria, this proportion, often in my profession. The physicians at my nursing home often prescribe Lasciviously acidophilus to residents that are being treated with an antibiotic.